- Charging stops at 0 ± 5°C and resumes at 10 ± 5°C.
- Discharging is allowed down to −20 ± 5°C, with reduced capacity and current while cold.
- The listed models do not have self-heating; warm the space or the pack before charging.
- Store at 50–60% state of charge, 0–25°C, and top up every 3–6 months.
1. Charge and discharge are different limits
| Action | Limit | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Charge | Stops at 0 ± 5°C; resumes at 10 ± 5°C | BMS blocks charge current; discharge still works |
| Discharge | Down to −20 ± 5°C | Capacity and current are reduced while cold |
| Storage | 0–25°C recommended | Keep 50–60% SOC; avoid months at 0% or 100% |
2. Why charging below 0°C is blocked
Charging a lithium cell below freezing can plate lithium on the anode instead of intercalating it. That permanently reduces capacity and can create a safety risk. The BMS cuts charge current at 0 ± 5°C for that reason; it is not a conservative setting to override.
3. No self-heating on these models
The listed 12V and 24V packs do not have internal heating. If you need to charge in freezing conditions, keep the battery in a heated compartment, insulate the bay, or warm the pack above 0°C before connecting the charger.
4. What “reduced capacity” means in practice
A cold pack still delivers energy, but the internal resistance rises and the BMS may cut off earlier under load. A 100Ah pack that gives 1.0 kWh at 20°C will give less at −10°C, and a large inverter may hit the low-voltage cutoff sooner.
Plan winter autonomy with a margin. If a system is already tight in summer, it will be short in winter — add capacity, reduce loads, or add a charge source.
5. Winter storage
- Bring the pack to about 50–60% state of charge before storage.
- Store in a dry place between 0 and 25°C, away from flood risk.
- Disconnect loads that would drain it slowly (inverters, monitors).
- Top up every 3–6 months; do not leave it at 0% for months.
- Do not charge while frozen; warm it first.